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Formulation of a Research Problem - Steps of Research

The first step in the research process is the selection of a suitable problem from the field chosen by the researcher. In each field or area of education, several problems exist which may have reference to pure, applied, or action research. The choice and formulation of a suitable problem is one of the most difficult tasks for a researcher, especially if he/she is a beginner. There are many sources to which a researcher may go for a suitable research problem, or from which he/she may develop a sense of problem awareness. The features of a good research problem are its: i) significance, ii) originality, and iii) feasibility.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLiZrpQMqWHrEGdeKPvuw67mxaC3WVUZcx6fAwa5vOAyklJCO7PP3SePJr12wOSLa2DjOoqq2QR55wmP2sNbdIBLHk1cv-FTpFMtETMqlpc_B2mo010oPEoKCxJgrKjEqNdgTdGCX4ByuIrpZHk6OXmRWYuaP2PnV_DWRlFU9NeKR6LFo_uBuBDUM-mj4/s752/Formulation%20of%20a%20Research%20Problem.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="752" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLiZrpQMqWHrEGdeKPvuw67mxaC3WVUZcx6fAwa5vOAyklJCO7PP3SePJr12wOSLa2DjOoqq2QR55wmP2sNbdIBLHk1cv-FTpFMtETMqlpc_B2mo010oPEoKCxJgrKjEqNdgTdGCX4ByuIrpZHk6OXmRWYuaP2PnV_DWRlFU9NeKR6LFo_uBuBDUM-mj4/w640-h512/Formulation%20of%20a%20Research%20Problem.png" width="640" /></a></div>

Research Aptitude Formulation of a Research Problem - Steps of Research

The first step in the research process is the selection of a suitable problem from the field chosen by the researcher. In each field or area...

Research Process OR Steps of Research UGC NET Papers I Notes

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Research involves a systematic process that focuses on being objectives and gathering a magnitude of information for analysis, so that the researcher can conclude.I.Formulation of the Research ProblemFollowing steps are used in formulation of research problem1.Select problem2.Literature review 3. Formulation of objectives 4. Identifying research variables and measuring scales 5. Formulating hypothesis Main considerations in selecting a research problemYou can find innumerable research problems in any area. Obviously, you cannot study all the problems 1.Interest 2.Manageable magnitude3. concept measurement 4. Level of expertise 5. Relevance6. Availability of data7. Ethical issues<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKB_cQgJ10SmGykwQUcbkSyAc_878FGKEiJDbP_VvlHiOL258x-8IHtf_X0yzOKVAt5qOzoQsMEzMU3nwsI3CC4Gk5aLh_51ymutwGa3CLUXti9JJBps9av-KhjEvZk_S2t5RyEuQ_s75AKDGDn0qhGtyp9Tsiy7-A1y301vpPKliEMQrKRpKHAzPEwtE/s1356/steps-involved-in-research-process-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1356" data-original-width="1354" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKB_cQgJ10SmGykwQUcbkSyAc_878FGKEiJDbP_VvlHiOL258x-8IHtf_X0yzOKVAt5qOzoQsMEzMU3nwsI3CC4Gk5aLh_51ymutwGa3CLUXti9JJBps9av-KhjEvZk_S2t5RyEuQ_s75AKDGDn0qhGtyp9Tsiy7-A1y301vpPKliEMQrKRpKHAzPEwtE/w639-h640/steps-involved-in-research-process-1.jpg" width="639" /></a></div>  II. Preparing Research Design and study design A research design is a blue print for the researcher, it helps the researcher to decide the course of action during various stages. Therefore, research design involves the following consideration.1.Objectivity of research study 2.Selection of methods data collection3.Source of information-sample design 4.Tools for data collection5.Data analysis - Qualitative and QuantitativeResearch design achieves the following  purposes:<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>It makes research efficient </li><li>Optimum utilization of resources - maximum information with minimal expenditure, time and money </li><li>Flexibility </li><li>Minimization of bias </li><li>Reliability and objectivity </li></ol>III. Developing Data collection instrument a) Primary data and secondary data<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Primary data is collected for the purpose of current research project.</li><li>Whereas secondary data is collected for some other research purpose.</li><li>Secondary data is collected from external sources, such as TV, radio, the internet, magazines, books and news papers.</li></ol>IV. Selecting samples<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Sampling is required if the population under study is very large.</li><li>A sample can be defined as a representative subset of the population.</li></ol>V. Writing a research proposal <ol style="text-align: left;"><li>A research proposal is a document usually having three to seven pages that informs others of a proposed piece of research.</li></ol><a href="https://www.aprcet.co.in/2023/09/how-to-write-your-research-proposal-ugc.html" target="_blank">Click here for details</a>  VI. Collecting DataThere are various alternatives available to collect data. The researcher should select one method of collecting data taking into account the nature of investigation, scope and objectives of inquiring, financial cost, availability of time and the desired accuracy.In case of a survey, data can be collected by any one or more of the following ways:a) observationb) personal interviews c) Telephonic interviews d) Mailed questionnairese) Schedule.VII. Processing and Analyzing data<ol style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">After collection of data it should be arranged properly and classified into different categories:</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Irrelevant data should be separated, and relevant data is coded into symbols so that is may be tabulated.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Tabulation is a part of technical procedure where classified data is in form of table.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">This helps for analysis by applying various statistical methods </li></ol>VIII. Writing a research report  <ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Writing a report is the last and most difficult step of the research process.</li><li>The report informs the world what you have done, what you have discussed and what conclusions you have drawn from your findings.</li><li>The report should be written in an academic style.</li><li>The language should be formal and not journalistic. </li></ol>All the above steps are presented in more detailed manner in upcoming posts.

Research Aptitude Research Process OR Steps of Research UGC NET Papers I Notes

Research involves a systematic process that focuses on being objectives and gathering a magnitude of information for analysis, so that the r...

How to write your research proposal UGC NET

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<h2 style="text-align: left;">What is a research proposal?</h2>A research proposal is a short piece of academic writing
 that outlines the research a graduate student intends to carry out. It 
starts by explaining why the research will be helpful or necessary, then
 describes the steps of the potential research and how the research 
project would add further knowledge to the field of study. A student 
submits this as part of the application process for a graduate degree 
program <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUuw6YMcg9Pg1SB3VYIE59sNIuMyB5FXUw21nCi12OKGfHgDe1-X-7MVjmJ0E9ReZ61cFQGcCTQMQy4ptFeSBdcS82wAmS2cLd-d6PLkwc0cixCg5_NeOt5_ZzmAReGezQGOCJbr574J3FRA9pZs3pTmfXnAwba3-V3Mx049943ypGUQumDlowNv3OqQk/s944/Research-Proposal-without-logo-01-1.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="944" data-original-width="800" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUuw6YMcg9Pg1SB3VYIE59sNIuMyB5FXUw21nCi12OKGfHgDe1-X-7MVjmJ0E9ReZ61cFQGcCTQMQy4ptFeSBdcS82wAmS2cLd-d6PLkwc0cixCg5_NeOt5_ZzmAReGezQGOCJbr574J3FRA9pZs3pTmfXnAwba3-V3Mx049943ypGUQumDlowNv3OqQk/w542-h640/Research-Proposal-without-logo-01-1.webp" width="542" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.phdassistance.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Image Source</a></div><h2 id="what-is-the-purpose-of-a-research-proposal">What is the purpose of a research proposal?</h2>A
 student writes a research proposal to describe a research area where a 
question needs to be answered and to show that they can answer that 
question by adding new information to the field.A research 
committee will read the proposals and decide whether each student will 
qualify for admittance to the graduate degree program.To ensure that your proposal fulfils its purpose, take care to include all of the key parts.<h3 id="title-page" style="text-align: left;">1. Title page</h3>
Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:
<ul class="kb-checklist"><li>The proposed title of your project</li><li>Your name</li><li>Your supervisor’s name</li><li>Your institution and department</li></ul><h3 id="background-or-literature-review">2. Background or literature review</h3>Now
 that you’ve finished the introductory parts of your research proposal, 
you can begin to go into more detail on your research design. The 
literature review is likely to be the largest portion of your paper.The
 purpose of the background or literature review section is to show that 
you’re familiar with the existing body of knowledge on your topic. By 
describing the most pertinent studies related to your research 
questions, you show that there is truly a knowledge gap in the field and
 that your proposed research will help close it.<h3 style="text-align: left;">3. The Questions</h3>
These need to be formulated clearly, giving a slight intro followed 
by a direct question addressing the information you are looking for. 
These need to be grammatically correct and in simple language.<h3 style="text-align: left;">4. Research Methods</h3>
In the next section, you need to talk about how exactly you’ll conduct the research. That is, 
• the theoretical resources that will be used 
• the theoretical framework for conducting the research 
• proposed research method 
• a comparison of advantages and limitations among the available approaches and methods to conducting the research.
<h3 style="text-align: left;">5. Working plan and Schedule</h3>
Your thesis, with a projected timeline and schedule comes up next, 
with a projected date of completion. A brownie point here would be 
possible outcomes. 
Alongside this, you will have to write on the execution of the research in detail.
<h3 style="text-align: left;">6. Bibliography</h3>
The final part of your research proposal is also the most important; 
it gives credit to all the authors and primary data used in your 
research proposal, while lending the proposal validity. In case of 
adopting APA style for your dissertation, the bibliography section 
doesn’t exist; instead it is a reference section.<h3 id="other-parts-of-a-research-proposal">Other parts of a research proposal</h3>Besides the standard sections above, some proposals also include the following parts:<ul><li>An abstract to briefly summarize the proposal</li><li>A research budget section to break down what funding might be needed and where it might come from</li><li>A research schedule/timeline to show all the steps of the research to be completed and when they will be done</li><li>A conclusion section</li></ul>

Research Aptitude How to write your research proposal UGC NET

What is a research proposal? A research proposal is a short piece of academic writing that outlines the research a graduate student intends...

The 6 Types of Validity in Research UGC NET

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Validity tells you how accurately a method measures 
something. If a method measures what it claims to measure, and the 
results closely correspond to real-world values, then it can be 
considered valid. Factors Affecting Validity:- <ol style="text-align: left;"><li>History:- events that occur besides the treatment (events in the environment). </li><li>Maturation:- Physical or psychological changes in the participants. </li><li>Testing:- effect of experience with the pretest - - become tests. </li><li>Instrumentation:- learning gain might be observed from pre to post-test simply due to the nature of the instrument. Particularly a problem in observation studies is when observers are more likely to give ratings based on expectations (conscious or subconscious). </li><li> Differential Selection:- Effect of treatment confounded with other factors because of differential selection of participants, problem in non-random samples.</li><li> Experimental Mortality:- participants lost from the study, attrition. </li></ol><h3 style="text-align: left;">1. Internal Validity: </h3>It is basically the extent to which a study is free from flaws and that any differences in measurement are due to an independent variable and nothing else. Internal validity is the extent to which a study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between a treatment and an outcome.Internal validity can be assessed based on whether extraneous (i.e. unwanted) variables that could also affect results are successfully controlled or eliminated; the greater the control of such variables, the greater the confidence that a cause and effect relevant to the construct being investigated can be found.<h3 style="text-align: left;">2. External Validity: </h3> It is the extent to which the results of a research study can be generalized to different situations, different groups of people, different settings, different conditions, etc. 3. Face Validity: It is the extent to which the measurement method appears “on its face” to measure the construct of interest.Example: People might have negative reactions to an intelligence test that did not appear to them to be measuring their intelligence.<h3 style="text-align: left;">4. Content Validity: </h3>It is the extent to which the measurement method covers the entire range of relevant behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that define the construct being measured. Example:  One’s attitude toward an object is considered to consist of thoughts about the object, feelings about the object, and behaviours toward the object. Therefore, a test to assess one’s attitude toward taxes should include items about thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.  If test anxiety is thought to include both nervous feelings and negative thoughts, then any measures of test anxiety should cover both of these aspects. A course exam has good content validity if it covers all the material that are supposed to learn and poor content validity if it does not.<h3 style="text-align: left;">5. Criterion Validity: </h3>It is the extent to which people’s scores are correlated with other variables or criteria that reflect the same construct. Example: <ul style="text-align: left;"><li>An IQ test should correlate positively with school performance. </li><li>An occupational aptitude test should correlate positively with work performance.</li></ul>Types of Criterion Validity:  a) Predictive Validity: A new measure of self-esteem should correlate positively with an old established measure. When the criterion is something that will happen or be assessed in the future, this is called predictive validity.b) Concurrent Validity: When the criterion is something that is happening or being assessed at the same time as the construct of interest, it is called concurrent validity. <h3 style="text-align: left;"> 6. Construct validity: </h3> Construct validity is an assessment of how well you translated your ideas or theories into actual programs or measures. Construct is a way of defining something and if a researcher’s proposed construct is against the existing literature, its construct validity is doubtful.

Research Aptitude The 6 Types of Validity in Research UGC NET

Validity tells you how accurately a method measures something. If a method measures what it claims to measure, and the results closely co...

The 4 Types of Reliability in Research UGC NET

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How consistently a method assesses something is described by its reliability. The same approach should yield the same results when applied to the same sample under the same circumstances. If not, your measuring technique might not be accurate, or bias might have entered into your analysis.There are four main types of reliability. Each can be estimated by 
comparing different sets of results produced by the same method.

<table class="kb-table responsive-inline full-width"><thead>
<tr>
<th>Type of reliability</th>
<th>Measures the consistency of…</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Test-retest</th>
<td>The same test over time.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Interrater</th>
<td>The same test conducted by different people.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Parallel forms</th>
<td>Different versions of a test which are designed to be equivalent.</td>
</tr>
<tr></tr>
<tr>
<th>Internal consistency</th>
<td>The individual items of a test.</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="text-align: left;"> 1. Test-retest reliability</h2>The consistency of results when the same test is repeated on the same sample at a different time is measured by test-retest reliability. When you are measuring something that you anticipate being consistent in your sample, you utilize it.Why it's crucial? At various times, a variety of factors may affect your findings. For instance, respondents' moods or the environment may have an impact on how correctly they react. To determine how well a procedure holds up over time, test-retest reliability might be utilized. The test-retest reliability increases as the discrepancy between the two sets of findings decreases. How to calculate it? You administer the same test to the same set of individuals at two separate times in order to gauge test-retest reliability. The correlation between the two sets of findings is then calculated.Example of test-retest reliability You create a survey to gauge a group of participants' IQ levels, a characteristic that is unlikely to fluctuate dramatically over time.The test-retest reliability of the IQ questionnaire is low since the results are noticeably different when the test is given to the same group of individuals two months apart.<h2 style="text-align: justify;">2. Interrater reliability</h2>
Interrater reliability (also called interobserver reliability) 
measures the degree of agreement between different people observing or 
assessing the same thing. You use it when data is collected by 
researchers assigning ratings, scores or categories to one or more variables, and it can help mitigate observer bias.<h3>Why it’s important</h3>
People are subjective, so different observers’ perceptions of 
situations and phenomena naturally differ. Reliable research aims to 
minimize subjectivity as much as possible so that a different researcher
 could replicate the same results.
When designing the scale and criteria for data collection, it’s 
important to make sure that different people will rate the same variable
 consistently with minimal bias. This is especially important when there are multiple researchers involved in data collection or analysis.
<h3>How to measure it</h3>
To measure interrater reliability, different researchers conduct the 
same measurement or observation on the same sample. Then you calculate 
the correlation between their different sets of results. If all the 
researchers give similar ratings, the test has high interrater 
reliability.<div class="kb-textbox border-left blue">Interrater reliability exampleA team of researchers observe the progress of wound healing in 
patients. To record the stages of healing, rating scales are used, with a
 set of criteria to assess various aspects of wounds. The results of 
different researchers assessing the same set of patients are compared, 
and there is a strong correlation between all sets of results, so the 
test has high interrater reliability.<h2 id="parallel-forms-reliability">3. Parallel forms reliability</h2>
Parallel forms reliability measures the correlation between two 
equivalent versions of a test. You use it when you have two different 
assessment tools or sets of questions designed to measure the same 
thing.
<h3>Why it’s important</h3>
If you want to use multiple different 
versions of a test (for example, to avoid respondents repeating the same
 answers from memory), you first need to make sure that all the sets of 
questions or measurements give reliable results.
<div class="kb-textbox border-left purple">In educational assessment, it
 is often necessary to create different versions of tests to ensure that
 students don’t have access to the questions in advance. Parallel forms 
reliability means that, if the same students take two different versions
 of a reading comprehension test, they should get similar results in 
both tests.</div>
<h3>How to measure it</h3>
The most common way to measure parallel forms reliability is to 
produce a large set of questions to evaluate the same thing, then divide
 these randomly into two question sets.
The same group of respondents answers both sets, and you calculate 
the correlation between the results. High correlation between the two 
indicates high parallel forms reliability.Parallel forms reliability example</div><div class="kb-textbox border-left blue"> </div><div class="kb-textbox border-left blue">A set of questions is formulated to measure financial risk aversion 
in a group of respondents. The questions are randomly divided into two 
sets, and the respondents are randomly divided into two groups. Both 
groups take both tests: group A takes test A first, and group B takes 
test B first. The results of the two tests are compared, and the results
 are almost identical, <h2 style="text-align: left;"> 4. Internal consistency</h2>
Internal consistency assesses the correlation between multiple items in a test that are intended to measure the same construct.
You can calculate internal consistency without repeating the test or 
involving other researchers, so it’s a good way of assessing reliability
 when you only have one data set.
<h3>Why it’s important</h3>
When you devise a set of questions or ratings that will be combined 
into an overall score, you have to make sure that all of the items 
really do reflect the same thing. If responses to different items 
contradict one another, the test might be unreliable.
<div class="kb-textbox border-left yellow">To measure customer 
satisfaction with an online store, you could create a questionnaire with
 a set of statements that respondents must agree or disagree with. 
Internal consistency tells you whether the statements are all reliable 
indicators of customer satisfaction.</div>
<h3>How to measure it</h3>
Two common methods are used to measure internal consistency.
<ul><li>Average inter-item correlation: For a set of 
measures designed to assess the same construct, you calculate the 
correlation between the results of all possible pairs of items and then 
calculate the average.</li><li>Split-half reliability: You randomly split a set of
 measures into two sets. After testing the entire set on the 
respondents, you calculate the correlation between the two sets of 
responses.</li></ul><div class="kb-textbox border-left yellow">Internal consistency exampleA group of respondents are presented with a set of 
statements designed to measure optimistic and pessimistic mindsets. They
 must rate their agreement with each statement on a scale from 1 to 5. 
If the test is internally consistent, an optimistic respondent should 
generally give high ratings to optimism
 indicators and low ratings to pessimism indicators. The correlation is 
calculated between all the responses to the “optimistic” statements, but
 the correlation is very weak. This suggests that the test has low 
internal consistency. Source: https://www.scribbr.com </div></div>

Research Aptitude The 4 Types of Reliability in Research UGC NET

How consistently a method assesses something is described by its reliability. The same approach should yield the same results when applied ...

Research definition, objectives, and characteristics UGC NET Paper I Notes

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Research is a systematic investigation into a particular topic or phenomenon to discover new knowledge, enhance existing knowledge, or validate existing theories. It involves gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information to address a research question or hypothesis.Objectives of ResearchThe objectives of research vary depending on the specific topic or phenomenon being investigated. However, some common objectives include:<ul data-sourcepos="7:1-14:0"><li data-sourcepos="7:1-7:27">To discover new knowledge</li><li data-sourcepos="8:1-8:31">To enhance existing knowledge</li><li data-sourcepos="9:1-9:31">To validate existing theories</li><li data-sourcepos="10:1-10:19">To solve problems</li><li data-sourcepos="11:1-11:38">To develop new products or processes</li><li data-sourcepos="12:1-12:43">To improve existing products or processes</li><li data-sourcepos="13:1-14:0">To inform policy or practice</li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://leverageedublog.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/19115738/business-research-definition-methods-and-types.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="800" height="500" src="https://leverageedublog.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/19115738/business-research-definition-methods-and-types.jpg" width="800" /></a></div>  Characteristics of ResearchGood research is characterized by the following:1. Objective <ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">It means research is without any bias. </li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">All other characteristics built around it.</li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">Research usually take utmost precautions that  results are not affected by their presence, behaviors and attitude.</li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">They critically examine the research methods to avoid any bias.</li></ul>2. Reliability <ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">Reliability in the context of research is consistency..</li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">It refers to the extent to which an investigation produces consistent results.</li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">It can also be termed as verifiability.</li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48"><a href="https://www.aprcet.co.in/2023/09/the-4-types-of-reliability-in-research.html" target="_blank">There are four main types of reliability. Each can be estimated by comparing different sets of results produced by the same method</a></li></ul>3. Validity <ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">Here, validity in research mainly stands for accuracy of procedures, research instances, tests, ext.</li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48"><a href="https://www.aprcet.co.in/2023/09/the-6-types-of-validity-in-research-ugc.html" target="_blank">There mainly six different types of validities you need to consider.</a></li></ul>4. Accuracy <ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">It is closely related to validity </li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">It is also the degree to which research process, instruments and tools are related to each other.</li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">Accuracy also measures weather the research tools have been selected in the best possible manner and research procedures suit the research problem or not  </li></ul>5. Credibility<ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">It is the use of best source of information and the best procedures in the research.</li></ul>6. Generalizability <ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">It refers to the degree to which research finding can be applied to a large population.</li></ul>7. Empirical research <ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">It is based on real life experiences, direct experiences or observation by researcher.</li></ul>8. Systematic <ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">For a research to be effective, it has to be systematic </li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">It is the only approach to undertake any research work and each step must follow the other.</li></ul>9. Controlled factors <ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">Various factors may affect the outcome and some are taken as controlled factors, whereas the other are tested for possible outcome.</li></ul>10. Cyclical <ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a proble.</li></ul>11. Logical<ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">A good research is logical, implies that research is guide by the rules of logical reasoning.</li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">Induction and deduction are of great value in research.</li></ul>12. Replicable <ul style="text-align: left;"><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:48">This characteristics allows the results of the research to be verified by replicating the study and thereby building a sound basis for decisions.</li></ul>Previous Year Questions on this topic Click Here

Research Aptitude Research definition, objectives, and characteristics UGC NET Paper I Notes

Research is a systematic investigation into a particular topic or phenomenon to discover new knowledge, enhance existing knowledge, or vali...

UGC NET Research Aptitude Study Notes, Material - UGC NET Paper 1

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UGC NET Research Aptitude Notes: Are you preparing for UGC NET Paper 1? Do you have the latest Research Aptitude UGC NET Notes PDF?
Don’t worry! Here we have provided the latest UGC NET Research 
Aptitude Notes. You can check easily check the UGC NET Research Aptitude
 Notes and also able to download the PDF. UGC NET Research Aptitude Official Syllabus <ul><li>Research: Meaning, characteristics, and types, and characteristics, positive and post-positivists approaches to research </li><li>Methods of Research - Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, qualitative and quantitative methods </li><li>Steps of Research </li><li>Paper, articles, workshops, seminars, conferences, and symposiums</li><li>Thesis writing: Its characteristics and format and style of referencing </li><li>Application of ICT in research </li><li>Research Ethics</li></ul>To cover the above topics here we are providing an elaborate guide.<ol><li><a href="https://www.aprcet.co.in/2023/09/research-definition-objectives-charactertics-ugc-net.html" target="_blank">Research definition </a></li><li><a href="https://www.aprcet.co.in/2023/09/research-definition-objectives-charactertics-ugc-net.html" target="_blank">Research objectives</a></li><li><a href="https://www.aprcet.co.in/2023/09/research-definition-objectives-charactertics-ugc-net.html" target="_blank">Research characteristics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.aprcet.co.in/2023/09/how-to-write-your-research-proposal-ugc.html" target="_blank">Format of research proposal </a></li><li><a href="https://www.aprcet.co.in/2023/10/research-process-research-methodology.html" target="_blank">Research Process</a></li><li><a href="https://www.aprcet.co.in/2023/10/criteria-of-good-research.html" target="_blank">Features of a good research study</a> </li><li>Qualitative and Quantitative Research methods </li><li>Methods of Research </li><li>Descriptive, Ex-post facto, Analytical and other Research </li><li>Positivism & Post Positivist Approach</li><li>Social and some other research techniques </li><li>Research ethics </li><li>Application of ICT in research </li><li>Articles, Workshop, Seminar, conference, and symposium OR Research Preservation </li><li>Hypothesis and Types of Hypothesis </li><li>Hypothesis Testing Techniques for Research </li><li>Thesis and Article writing </li><li>Formats and styles of referencing </li><li>Sampling and Sampling Techniques</li><li>Variables in Research </li><li>Types of Scales Or Measuring Variables   </li><li>Plagiarism and its software's </li></ol> New Topics asked in UGC NET after 2019 are as follows

Research Aptitude UGC NET Research Aptitude Study Notes, Material - UGC NET Paper 1

UGC NET Research Aptitude Notes: Are you preparing for UGC NET Paper 1? Do you have the latest Research Aptitude UGC NET Notes PDF? Don’...

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UGC NET Research Aptitude Study Notes, Material - UGC NET Paper 1

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