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QS Asia University Rankings 2021 released: 107 Indian varsities ranked, none in top 10

The QS Asia University Rankings 2021 have been released and a total of 107 Indian institutes have been selected among the total 650 universities ranked. However, no Indian varsity secured a spot among the top 10.<div class="briefcase"><h2>HIGHLIGHTS</h2><ul><li>The National University of Singapore has come up as Asia’s best university for the third consecutive year.</li><li>107 Indian universities have been ranked amongst the 650 in the QS Asia University Rankings 2021.</li><li>There is no Indian varsity among the top 10; 7 have secured a rank among the top 100.</li></ul></div> QS Quacquarelli Symonds, global higher education think-tank and compilers
 of the world's most-consulted university rankings portfolio, have today
 released the QS Asia University Rankings 2021 for the continent's best 
higher education institutions. The National University of Singapore has 
come up as Asia’s best university for the third consecutive year.<h3>QS Asia University Rankings 2021: Top 10</h3>1. National University of Singapore (NUS)Location: Singapore2. Tsinghua UniversityLocation: China (Mainland)3. Nanyang Technological University (NTU)Location: Singapore4. University of Hong Kong (HKU)Location: Hong Kong SAR5. Zhejiang UniversityLocation: China (Mainland)6. Fudan UniversityLocation: China (Mainland)7. Peking UniversityLocation: China (Mainland)8. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)Location: Hong Kong SAR9. Universiti Malaya (UM)Location: Malaysia10. Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityLocation: China (Mainland)<h3>QS Asia University Rankings 2021: Top countries with most ranked universities</h3>The
 650 top universities of Asia as per QS come from 18 locations and the 
most represented is Mainland China with 124 ranked universities. Also, 
Japan has more universities in the top 50 of the ranking (11 
universities) than any other nation, location, or territory.The top 8 countries with the most universities are:<ul><li style="margin-left: 36pt;">Mainland China (124)</li><li style="margin-left: 36pt;">India (107)</li><li style="margin-left: 36pt;">Japan (105)</li><li style="margin-left: 36pt;">South Korea (88)</li><li style="margin-left: 36pt;">Taiwan (43)</li><li style="margin-left: 36pt;">Pakistan (40)</li><li style="margin-left: 36pt;">Malaysia (35)</li><li style="margin-left: 36pt;">Indonesia (30)</li></ul><h3>QS Asia University Rankings 2021: Top 10 from India</h3>India
 doesn’t have a great score in the QS Asia University Rankings 2021. It 
lost out due to research quality not matching its quantity. The teaching
 capacity and employability scores of Indian universities are also a 
reason behind the low rankings.Nevertheless, as per research productivity, six universities out of the top 10 in Asia are from India.Here are the top 10 Indian universities among the QS Asia University Rankings 2021:1. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)Rank: 472. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD)Rank: 503. Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM)Rank: 564. Indian Institute of Science Rank: 585. Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT-KGP)Rank: 716. University of Delhi Rank: 727. Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK)Rank: 818. Jawaharlal Nehru University Rank: 1039. Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR)Rank: 11710. Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG)Rank: 142 source: www.indiatoday.in

current affairs QS Asia University Rankings 2021 released: 107 Indian varsities ranked, none in top 10

The QS Asia University Rankings 2021 have been released and a total of 107 Indian institutes have been selected among the total 650 universi...

Individual difference in Teaching Aptitude

15.11.20 dodda venkatareddy 0

<div style="text-align: justify;">Individual difference stands for variation or deviation among individuals in regard to a single characteristics or a number of characteristics like height, weight, color, complexion ext. It is known fact that no two persons are alike, not even the twins. Each person has an intellectual capacity through which he gains experience and learning.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4Lwy1nQwacGix7g8MFqWNxgBNYgNEEAbESl-70gQcZWXr4j1axZdH_JLoDwDA99JtL4-Mecz2V6L-Jp6I9C4BV3GdMzO-U9kl3ByUisXcJU_a8FIgYgZ0AEgDjbY_tlFTvHbnTeEhzXw/s264/unnamed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="191" data-original-width="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4Lwy1nQwacGix7g8MFqWNxgBNYgNEEAbESl-70gQcZWXr4j1axZdH_JLoDwDA99JtL4-Mecz2V6L-Jp6I9C4BV3GdMzO-U9kl3ByUisXcJU_a8FIgYgZ0AEgDjbY_tlFTvHbnTeEhzXw/s0/unnamed.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><h4>Types of Individual Differences:</h4>1. Physical differences: Shortness
 or tallness of stature, darkness or fairness of complexion, fatness, 
thinness, or weakness are various physical individual differences.2. Differences in intelligence: There
 are differences in intelligence level among different individuals. We 
can classify the individuals from super-normal (above 120 I.Q.) to 
idiots (from 0 to 50 I.Q.) on the basis of their intelligence level.3. Differences in attitudes: Individuals differ in their attitudes towards different people, objects, institutions and authority.4. Differences in achievement: It
 has been found through achievement tests that individuals differ in 
their achievement abilities. These differences are very much visible in 
reading, writing and in learning mathematics.These differences in
 achievement are even visible among the children who are at the same 
level of intelligence. These differences are on account of the 
differences in the various factors of intelligence and the differences 
in the various experiences, interests and educational background.5. Differences in motor ability: There
 are differences in motor ability. These differences are visible at 
different ages. Some people can perform mechanical tasks easily, while 
others, even though they are at the same level, feel much difficulty in 
performing these tasks.6. Differences on account of sex: McNemar and Terman discovered the following differences between men and women, on the basis of some studies:(i) Women have greater skill in memory while men have greater motor ability.(ii) Handwriting of women is superior while men excel in mathematics and logic.(iii)
 Women show greater skill in making sensory distinctions of taste, touch
 and smell etc., while men show greater reaction and conscious of size- 
weight illusion.(iv) Women are superior to men in languages, while men are superior in physics and chemistry.(v) Women are better than men in mirror drawing. Faults of speech 
etc. in men were found to be three times of such faults in women.(vi) Women are more susceptible to suggestion while there are three times as many colour blind men as there are women.(vii)
 Young girls take interest in stories of love, fairy tales, stories of 
the school and home and day-dreaming and show various levels in their 
play. On the other hand boys take interest in stories of bravery, 
science, war, scouting, stories of games and sports, stories and games 
of occupation and skill.7. Racial differences: There
 are different kinds of racial differences. Differences of environment 
is a normal factor in causing these differences. Karl Brigham has 
composed a list on the basis of differences in levels of intelligence 
among people who have migrated to United States from other countries.On
 the basis of these average differences between the races, the mental 
age of a particular individual cannot be calculated since this 
difference is based on environment.8. Differences due to nationality: Individuals
 of different nations differ in respect of physical and mental 
differences, interests and personality etc. ‘Russians are tall and 
stout’; ‘Ceylonese are short and slim’; ‘Germans have no sense of 
humour’; ‘Yellow races are cruel and revengeful’; ‘Americans are hearty 
and frank’; Indians are timid and peace-loving’ and the like 
observations enter into our common talk.9. Differences due to economic status: Differences in children’s interests, tendencies and character are caused by economic differences.10. Differences in interests: Factors
 such as sex, family background level of development, differences of 
race and nationality etc., cause differences in interests.11. Emotional differences: Individuals
 differ in their emotional reactions to a particular situation. Some are
 irritable and aggressive and they get angry very soon. There are others
 who are of peaceful nature and do not get angry easily. At a particular
 thing an individual may be so much enraged that he may be prepared for 
the worst crime like murder, while another person may only laugh at it.12. Personality differences: There
 are differences in respect of personality. On the basis of differences 
in personality, individuals have been classified into many groups.Spranger, for example, has classified personalities into six types:(a) Theoretical,(b) Economic(c) Aesthetic,(d) Social,(e) Political, and(f) Religious.Jung classified people into three groups: (a) Introverts,(b) Extroverts, and(c) Ambiverts.Trottor divided individuals into:(a) Stable minded, and(b) Unstable minded.Jordon thinks of personalities into: (a) Active, and(b) Reflective type.Thorndike has classified people into four categories on the basis of thinking: (a) Abstract thinkers,(b) Ideational thinkers,(c) Object thinkers, and(d) Thinkers in whom sensory experience is predominant.Terman has classified people into nine classes according to their level of intelligence:(a) Genius,(b) Near genius(c) Very superior,(d) Superior,(e) Average,(f) Backward,(g) Feebleminded,(h) Dull, and(i) Idiot.It
 is an admitted fact that some people are honest, others are dishonest, 
some are aggressive, others are humble, some are social, others like to 
be alone, some are critical and others are sympathetic. Thus we see that
 the differences in personality are dependent on personality traits. 
Teacher should keep in mind these differences while imparting education 
to the pupils.<h4>Causes of Individual Differences:</h4>Some of the main causes of individual differences are as under: 1. Heredity: One
 of the most significant and chief causes of individual differences is 
heredity. Individuals inherit various physical traits like face with its
 features, colour of eyes and hair, type of skin, shape of skull and 
size of hands, colour blindness, baldness, stub-finger and tendency to 
certain diseases like cancer and tuberculosis, mental traits like 
intelligence, abstract thinking, aptitudes and prejudices. Now it is an 
admitted fact that heredity differences result in the quantity and rate 
of physical as well as mental development being different and different 
individuals.2. Environment: Environment 
significantly influences individual differences. Changes in child’s 
environment are reflected in the changes in his personality. 
Psychologically speaking, a person’s environment consists of sum total 
of stimulation which he receives from conception until his death.Environment
 consists of physical, intellectual, social, moral, political, economic 
and cultural forces. All these forces cause individual differences. 
Modern psychologists believe that individual differences are caused by 
both heredity and environment. Personality is the outcome of mutual 
interaction between heredity and environment.3. Influence of caste, race and nation: Individuals
 of different castes and races exhibit very marked differences. It is 
generally seen that son of a Kshatriya has a more of courage in him 
while the son of a trader has the traits of business.Similarly 
individuals of different nations show differences in respect of their 
personality, character and mental abilities. These are the outcome of 
their geographical, social and cultural environment. Many studies have 
shown the existence of differences between Americans and Negroes, 
Chineese and Japaneese, English and Indian individuals.4. Sex differences: Development
 of boys and girls exhibits differences due to difference in sex. The 
physical development of the girl takes place a year or two earlier than 
the boys. Between the age of 11 and 14, girls are taller and heavier 
than the boys. After 15, boys start winning the race.Girls are kind, affectionate, sympathetic and tender while the boys are brave, hard, choleric, efficient and competent.5. Age and intelligence: Physical,
 intellectual and emotional development is caused by the growth in age. 
Many individuals differ because of the differences in intelligence. 
Individuals who are below the average in intelligence and mental age 
find much difficulty in learning and the average intelligent persons can
 learn quickly.6. Temperament and emotional stability: Some
 people are by temperament active and quick, while others are passive 
and slow, some humorous and others short tempered. Emotional stability 
of the individual is differently affected by physical, mental and 
environmental factors. Differences in emotional stability cause 
individual differences.7. Other Causes: Interests, aptitudes, achievements, sentiments, character, educational and home background lead to individual differences.8. Economic condition and education: Individual
 differences are caused by economic condition of the parents and the 
education of the children. It is not possible for the children of two 
economic classes to have a similarity and equality.<h4>Role of Individual Differences in Education:</h4>One
 of the important objectives of modern education is the complete 
development of the individual. Individuals have different goals, 
different interests, different emotional problems and different 
abilities. We cannot afford to ignore these individual differences in 
imparting education to children. Since school work is planned on group 
basis it presents a formidable challenge to all teachers.</div>

paper-I notes Teaching Aptitude Individual difference in Teaching Aptitude

Individual difference stands for variation or deviation among individuals in regard to a single characteristics or a number of characteristi...

Massive Open Online Course-MOOC in Teaching Aptitude

13.11.20 dodda venkatareddy 0

<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>MOOC stands for  Massive Open Online Course.</li><li>MOOC have developed for the open education resource (OER)</li><li>OER is defined as educational resources offered online for free to educators, students and self learners to enhance teaching and learning.</li><li>It is a web-based platform which provides ultimate number of students world wide with a chance of distance education with best institutions in the world.</li><li>It was setup in 2008 by Canadian academician named by "David cornier". and more active in 2012 as a popular learning tool.</li><li>First MOOC was taught by George Siemens and Stephen Downes in university of maintoba, Canada where a class of 25 regular students was extended online to teach 1500 students.</li></ol>Types of MOOC:-<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-EgDnJI1lcsCMFpRousgiUwb9QeNv3aoL12eGOFpFNbA9-Pn1kAuMu8F3D-zbTBFiyVJrEoQQCz5Y8WwzDlRkTpgj4Tu_1qQm0NccDvmlyH6EC6Ipm6AwbGCeILyNsDAdYI3Gv1EpIio/s750/mooc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="750" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-EgDnJI1lcsCMFpRousgiUwb9QeNv3aoL12eGOFpFNbA9-Pn1kAuMu8F3D-zbTBFiyVJrEoQQCz5Y8WwzDlRkTpgj4Tu_1qQm0NccDvmlyH6EC6Ipm6AwbGCeILyNsDAdYI3Gv1EpIio/w400-h259/mooc.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>  i) Connectivist MOOC ( CMOOC): IIT Kanpur<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>It is based on the connectivist theory of education where connectivistm, openness, and  participatory teaching are the principles.</li><li>Participants share their views, resources etc. on a topic and send it to the instructor.</li><li>In C-MOOC the learner's autonomy, peer-to-peer learning  and social networking are emphasized.</li></ol>ii) Cognitive-Behavioral MOOC ( X MOOC): IIT Bombay<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>The X MOOC (Extended MOOC) method revolves around the traditional college teaching model with video recorded lectures along with quizzes and other evaluation assignments and verifiable certificates or statement of accomplishment delivered online through some MOOC providing website.</li><li>X MOOC is more of a behaviorist approach.</li><li>The X MOOC uses  the open source LMS ( learning management system) for course management.</li></ol>iii) Quasi-MOOC:<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>A quasi-MOOC is a third variation that provides web-based materials OER.</li><li>This MOOC type intended to support specific learning tasks and provides little or no social interaction or grading, and a representative example is Khan Academy.</li></ol>Mode of Teaching MOOC:Following four quadrant approach implies in E-learning system.<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>E-tutorial might through video and audio interaction, virtual and animation.</li><li>E-content may include PDF, e-books, simulation etc. whenever required.</li><li>Web resources that might obtain through the e-mails, databases, related links, case students and historical articles.</li><li>Self-Assessment might through assignments, Quiz's and discussion.</li><li>In India, IIT Bombay is working on providing a MOOC platform call SWAYAM.</li></ol> Online Course by MOOC<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Coursers (www.coursera.org)</li><li>Edx (www,edx.org)</li><li>Udacity (www.udacity.com)</li><li>Khan Academy (www.udemy.com)</li><li>P2PU ( Peer to Peer University) www.p2pu.org/en/ </li></ol>

paper-I notes Teaching Aptitude Massive Open Online Course-MOOC in Teaching Aptitude

MOOC stands for Massive Open Online Course. MOOC have developed for the open education resource (OER) OER is defined as educational resourc...

SWAYAM and SWAYAM PRABHA in Teaching Aptitude

12.11.20 dodda venkatareddy 0

<div> SWAYAM PRABHA</div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>It is an Indigenous (Medan in India).</li><li>Launched by Mr. Pranab Mukherjee on 9th July 2017 on the occasion of GURU Poornima</li><li>It was launched by Government of India to achieve the  three principles of education - Access, equality and quality.</li><li>There are eight thousand hours and almost two thousand courses for study.</li><li>Started in 2016 with the support of Microsoft.</li></ol>The courses hosted on SWAYAM are in 4 quadrants:a) Video Tutorial covering a whole course: Normally of 20 hours, each lecture note exceeding 30 minutes.b) E-Content: added the learning imparted through the video tutorials.c) Self Assessment: Quizzes / assignments that intersperse the course.d) Discussion forum for posting queries.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpw1SxIC4YJni5AkECUdZwPWGRTp0WjB59HSuRoFEjR2gKTPFBKmXuaErTCmpo3w0TweEOebEiOlGy2egOnNcZvtZx2k0NDXPPep72mJ6Y6m8Ec08-WrHJEsnoOs1htSc2wuoKNqDb8Xo/s512/swayam_logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="213" data-original-width="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpw1SxIC4YJni5AkECUdZwPWGRTp0WjB59HSuRoFEjR2gKTPFBKmXuaErTCmpo3w0TweEOebEiOlGy2egOnNcZvtZx2k0NDXPPep72mJ6Y6m8Ec08-WrHJEsnoOs1htSc2wuoKNqDb8Xo/s320/swayam_logo.png" width="320" /></a></div>Features of SWAYAM<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>High quality learning experience using multimedia on anytime, anywhere basis. </li><li>One stop web location for interactive e-content for all courses from school to university level.</li><li>State of the art system that allows easy access, monitoring and certification.</li><li>Peer group interaction and discussion forum to clarify doubts.</li><li>Hybrid model that adds to the quality of class room teaching.</li></ol>In order to ensure that best quality content is produced and delivered, nine National Coordinators have been appointed. They are: <ol style="text-align: left;"><li> AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) for self-paced and international courses</li><li> NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning) for Engineering</li><li> UGC (University Grants Commission) for non technical post-graduation education</li><li> CEC (Consortium for Educational Communication) for under-graduate education </li><li> NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) for school education</li><li> NIOS (National Institute of Open Schooling) for school education</li><li> IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) for out-of-school students</li><li> IIMB (Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore) for management studies</li><li> NITTTR (National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research) for Teacher Training programme</li></ol></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Courses delivered through SWAYAM are available free of cost to the learners, however learners wanting a SWAYAM certificate should register for the final proctored exams that come at a fee and attend in-person at designated centers on specified dates. Eligibility for the certificate will be announced on the course page and learners will get certificates only if this criteria is matched. Universities/colleges approving credit transfer for these courses can use the marks/certificate obtained in these courses for the same. </div><div class="row">
 <h4>Credit Transfer</h4></div><div class="row" style="text-align: justify;">UGC has already issued the UGC (Credit Framework for online learning courses through SWAYAM) Regulation 2016 advising the Universities to identify courses where credits can be transferred on to the academic record of the students for courses done on SWAYAM. AICTE has also put out gazette notification in 2016 and subsequently for adoption of these courses for credit transfer. The current SWAYAM platform is developed by Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) and NPTEL, IIT Madras with the help of Google Inc. and Persistent Systems Ltd. </div><div class="row" style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="row" style="text-align: justify;">Official Website: https://swayam.gov.in/ </div><div class="row" style="text-align: justify;"><h3>SWAYAM PRABHA </h3></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>The SWAYAM PRABHA is conceived as a group of 32 DTH channels devoted to telecasting of high quality educational programs on 24x7 basis using the GSAT-15 satellite.</li><li>Every day, there will be new content for at least(4) hours, which could be repeated 5 more tines in a day, allowing the students ti choose the tine of their convenience.</li><li>The channels are up linked from  BISAG, Gandhinagar.</li><li>The content are provided by NPTEL, IIT, UGC, CEC, IGNOU, NCERT and NIOS.</li><li>Whole portal maintaining INFLIBNET.</li></ol><div class="row" style="text-align: justify;">Objectives:</div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Equal Access</li><li>School education</li><li>Higher education.</li><li>Live Classes</li><li>Curriculum-based courses.</li><li>Competitive preparation.</li></ol> SWAYAM PRABHA<ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Access</li><li>Equality</li><li>Quality. </li></ol>

paper-I notes Teaching Aptitude SWAYAM and SWAYAM PRABHA in Teaching Aptitude

SWAYAM PRABHA It is an Indigenous (Medan in India). Launched by Mr. Pranab Mukherjee on 9th July 2017 on the occasion of GURU Poornima It w...

APRCET-UGC-Net/JRF: Paper I Portal

QS Asia University Rankings 2021 released: 107 Indian varsities ranked, none in top 10

Individual difference in Teaching Aptitude

Massive Open Online Course-MOOC in Teaching Aptitude

SWAYAM and SWAYAM PRABHA in Teaching Aptitude

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