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Deductive and inductive theory in Research Methodology

The main difference between inductive and deductive reasoning is that inductive reasoning aims at developing a theory while deductive reasoning aims at testing an existing theory.
Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to broad generalizations, and deductive reasoning the other way around.
Both approaches are used in various types of research, and it’s not uncommon to combine them in one large study.<img alt="Inductive-vs-deductive-reasoning" class="aligncenter mt-4 mb-4 entered lazyloaded" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.scribbr.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Inductive-vs-deductive-reasoning.webp" data-ll-status="loaded" height="309" src="https://cdn.scribbr.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Inductive-vs-deductive-reasoning.webp" width="640" /> <h2 id="inductive-research-approach">Inductive research approach</h2>
When there is little to no existing literature on a topic, it is common to perform inductive research because there is no theory to test. The inductive approach consists of three stages:
<ol><li>Observation
<ul><li>A low-cost airline flight is delayed</li><li>Dogs A and B have fleas</li><li>Elephants depend on water to exist</li></ul>
</li><li>Observe a pattern
<ul><li>Another 20 flights from low-cost airlines are delayed</li><li>All observed dogs have fleas</li><li>All observed animals depend on water to exist</li></ul>
</li><li>Develop a theory or general (preliminary) conclusion
<ul><li>Low cost airlines always have delays</li><li>All dogs have fleas</li><li>All biological life depends on water to exist</li></ul>
</li></ol>
<h3>Limitations of an inductive approach</h3>
A conclusion drawn on the basis of an inductive method can never be proven, but it can be invalidated.
Example 
You observe 1000 flights from low-cost airlines. All of them experience a
 delay, which is in line with your theory. However, you can never prove 
that flight 1001 will also be delayed. Still, the larger your dataset, 
the more reliable the conclusion.
<h2 id="deductive-research-approach">Deductive research approach</h2>
When conducting deductive research,
 you always start with a theory (the result of inductive research). 
Reasoning deductively means testing these theories. If there is no 
theory yet, you cannot conduct deductive research.
The deductive research approach consists of four stages:
<ol><li>Start with an existing theory (and create a problem statement)
<ul><li>Low cost airlines always have delays</li><li>All dogs have fleas</li><li>All biological life depends on water to exist</li></ul>
</li><li>Formulate a falsifiable hypothesis based on existing theory
<ul><li>If passengers fly with a low cost airline, then they will always experience delays</li><li>All pet dogs in my apartment building have fleas</li><li>All land mammals depend on water to exist</li></ul>
</li><li>Collect data to test the hypothesis
<ul><li>Collect flight data of low-cost airlines</li><li>Test all dogs in the building for fleas</li><li>Study all land mammal species to see if they depend on water</li></ul>
</li><li>Analyze and test the data
<ul><li>5 out of 100 flights of low-cost airlines are not delayed</li><li>10 out of 20 dogs didn’t have fleas</li><li>All land mammal species depend on water</li></ul>
</li><li>Decide whether you can reject the null hypothesis
<ul><li>5 out of 100 flights of low-cost airlines are not delayed = reject hypothesis</li><li>10 out of 20 dogs didn’t have fleas = reject hypothesis</li><li>All land mammal species depend on water = support hypothesis</li></ul>
</li></ol>
<h3>Limitations of a deductive approach</h3>
The conclusions of deductive reasoning can only be true if all the 
premises set in the inductive study are true and the terms are clear.
Example
<ul><li>All dogs have fleas (premise)</li><li>Benno is a dog (premise)</li><li>Benno has fleas (conclusion)</li></ul>
Based on the premises we have, the conclusion must be true. However, 
if the first premise turns out to be false, the conclusion that Benno 
has fleas cannot be relied upon.<h2 id="combining-inductive-and-deductive-research">Combining inductive and deductive research</h2>
Many scientists conducting a larger research project begin with an 
inductive study (developing a theory). The inductive study is followed 
up with deductive research to confirm or invalidate the conclusion.
In the examples above, the conclusion (theory) of the inductive study is also used as a starting point for the deductive study. Source: <a href="https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/inductive-deductive-reasoning/">www.scribbr.com</a>

Research Methodology Deductive and inductive theory in Research Methodology

The main difference between inductive and deductive reasoning is that inductive reasoning aims at developing a theory while deductive reaso...

Empiricism Research Methodology

27.11.22 dodda venkatareddy 0

Empiricism is a philosophical theory applicable in many disciplines, including science and software development, that human knowledge comes predominantly from experiences gathered through the five senses.
 In empiricism, knowledge is spoken of as a posteriori, or 
"from the latter," meaning gained from experience. Simply put, 
empiricism is the idea that all learning comes from only experience and 
observations.
 The term empiricism comes from the Greek word for experience: empeiria.
 The theory of empiricism attempts to explain how human beings acquire 
knowledge and improve their conceptual understanding of the world.
 In science, empiricism heavily emphasizes the use of experiments and
 observation to collect evidence and draw conclusions. The goal of such 
experimentation is to apply theories to real-world observations, record 
the findings in the form of empirical data and present them to the 
relevant audience.
 Some other illustrative real-world examples of empiricism are the following:
 <ul class="default-list"><li>measurement</li><li>sensors</li><li>hypothesis formed with rational thought</li><li>correlation causation</li><li>data dredging</li></ul> <h3 class="section-title">Empirical research</h3>
 Empirical research is driven by the idea that "I will believe it 
when I see it." In this type of research, conclusions are drawn from 
verifiable evidence that's obtained either by observation or by 
scientific data collection methods. Verifiable evidence is also known as
 empirical evidence.
 Empirical evidence can be collected in two ways:
 <ol class="default-list" style="text-align: left;"><li>Quantitative methods 
 <ul><li>experiments;</li><li>surveys;</li><li>polls;</li><li>causal-comparative research, which is aimed at finding a cause-effect relationship between two or more groups;</li><li>correlational research, which examines relationships between two or more variables, without the researcher manipulating them;</li><li>cross-sectional research, which looks at data from a population at a particular point in time; and</li><li>longitudinal study in which data is collected repeatedly for the same subjects over time.</li><li> </li></ul></li><li>Qualitative methods 
 <ul><li>interviews;</li><li>observation;</li><li>textual analysis;</li><li>case studies; and</li><li>focus groups, e.g., in market research.</li><li> </li></ul></li></ol>
 Qualitative empirical research methods are often unstructured or 
semistructured, and they are usually used to discover subjects' opinions
 or feedback. Quantitative methods are almost always structured and used
 when there is a need to quantify one or more defined variables.
 The method chosen would depend on the data sample, that is, whether 
the data is numerical and quantifiable or non-numerical and, therefore, 
unquantifiable. In some cases, both methods are used to gather empirical
 evidence.<h3 class="section-title">Need for and benefits of empirical research</h3>
 Most empirical research projects incorporate these features or characteristics:
 <ul class="default-list"><li>research questions;</li><li>definition of the research variables;</li><li>description of the research methodology (design, processes, tools);</li><li>research outline; and</li><li>findings.</li></ul>
 A hypothesis is also an important element of empirical research. The
 researcher runs experiments or sets up a way to observe conditions to 
prove or disprove the hypothesis and thus add to the human knowledge base.
 Empirical research is crucial to strengthen traditional or 
nonempirical research practices with experiments, observations and 
tangible results. Since it is based on verifiable facts and actual 
experiences, it adds authenticity and believability to a research 
project.
 With empirical research, researchers can analyze the dynamic changes
 that happen and modify the research strategy accordingly. They also 
have greater control over research variables, giving them higher control
 over the experiment itself.
 
<section class="section main-article-chapter" data-menu-title="Empirical research process">
 <h3 class="section-title">Empirical research process</h3>
 Since empirical research is primarily based on observation and 
experimentation, it's important to conduct it in a systematic and 
step-by-step manner. By laying out clear steps, researchers can resolve 
challenges that may arise during research before they can cause further 
problems later in the process.
 The key steps involved in empirical research include the following:
 <ul class="default-list"><li>Define the purpose of the project, and create the problem statement.</li><li>Find supporting theories.</li><li>Do a literature review -- if available and relevant.</li><li>Create a hypothesis.</li><li>Set up variables.</li><li>Define the research methodology and strategy.</li><li>Identify the tools required for research.</li><li>Collect data.</li><li>Analyze data.</li><li>Report results/findings.</li><li>Conclude the experiment.</li></ul>
 In general, the empirical research cycle consists of five phases:
 <ol class="default-list"><li> Observation. Gather empirical data.</li><li> Induction. Frame a general conclusion from the gathered data.</li><li> Deduction. Create a conclusion from the experiment.</li><li> Testing. Analyze and validate collected data with appropriate statistical methods.</li><li> Evaluation. Present the gathered data and the conclusions of the experiment to the relevant audience or stakeholders.</li></ol></section> Source: www.techtarget.com

Research Methodology Empiricism Research Methodology

Empiricism is a philosophical theory applicable in many disciplines, including science and software development, that human knowledge comes ...

IIT Guwahati Director Professor TG Sitharam becomes new AICTE Chairman

24.11.22 dodda venkatareddy 0

IIT Guwahati Director Professor TG Sitharam has been appointed as the
 new chairman of the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). 
He will take the charge from UGC Chairman M Jagadesh Kumar and hold the 
post for a period of three years.Kumar had taken the interim charge as AICTE Chairman after Anil Sahasrabuddhe had retired at the age of 65.An education ministry statement said: “All India Council for 
Technical Education (AICTE) Act, 1987, the Central Government hereby 
appoints, Prof. TG Sitharam, Director, Indian Institute of Technology, 
Guwahati, as Chairman, AICTE in Level-l7 of the pay Matrix, on 
deputation basis, for a period of three years we.f. the date of 
assumption of charge, or till attaining the age of 65 years or until 
further orders, whichever is earliest."<img alt="tg sitharam, iit guwahati, director, aicte chairman, education, work, professor, awards

" class="" height="180" src="https://akm-img-a-in.tosshub.com/indiatoday/images/story/202211/tg_sitharam_aicte_chairman_iit_guwahati_director-sixteen_nine.jpg?VersionId=F_wDtA7E7kAqWhDHV8xHUdTHVUXogwhU&size=690:388" title="IIT Guwahati Director Professor TG Sitharam has been appointed as the new AICTE Chairman. Here's more about his education and work. (Photo: www.iitg.ac.in)

" width="320" /> <h3>WHO IS PROFESSOR TG SITHARAM?</h3>Professor TG Sitharam, who has had a luscious academic career, took over as the director of IIT Guwahati in July 2019. He
 is also a member of the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), 
and a senior professor in the civil engineering department of IISc 
Bangalore. He has served IISc for more than 27 years.He is also 
the former research council chairman of CSIR- CBRI (Central Building 
Research Institute, Roorkee). Moreover, since May 2021, he holds the 
position of Director (additional charge) of Central Institute of 
Technology, Kokrajhar, Assam.<h3>EDUCATION AND WORK</h3>TG Sitharam obtained his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from 
Mysore University followed by his master's degree in civil engineering 
from IISc. He received his PhD in civil engineering from University of 
Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (1991).Soon after his PhD, he
 worked as a lecturer in Waterloo University and then pursued his post 
doctoral studies from Texas University's Centre for Earth Sciences and 
Engineering.He has also served as an honorary professor at 
several universities in the countries of Japan, Canada, Republic of 
China, USA, Hong Kong and Australia.Source: India Today

current affairs IIT Guwahati Director Professor TG Sitharam becomes new AICTE Chairman

IIT Guwahati Director Professor TG Sitharam has been appointed as the new chairman of the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE...

Assam SLET (SET) 2023 registration begins | Direct link to apply @ sletneonline.co.in

15.11.22 dodda venkatareddy 0

The Assam State Level Eligibility Test Commission has begun accepting
 applications for SET or SLET 2023. On sletneonline.co.in, candidates 
can apply for the exam. <h3>IMPORTANT DATES</h3>Online
 registration began today, November 15, and the deadline to apply is 
January 7, 2023. Exam fees must be deposited by January 13 at the bank.All university centers in the North East states will conduct the exam on March 19, 2023 (Sunday).<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7rfV7tj2duM5xNluq4RxFVcZ_tNJwOiWkv9Pr0_I8egq79xAmMcaamP4Y3a6C6ox1x5Wb1H0o-ECaOvr8mgPvN95ec7uRJq5QrZilK7zPBpGO8JG3REjkEeCKxiyi__5BSSol3V2qZK-TQB6iK-Wqu2Apabl_f4PPW-qB41lt1K5iAe3JzCz80IP_/s464/Assam-SET-SLET-Notification-Application-Form.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="198" data-original-width="464" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7rfV7tj2duM5xNluq4RxFVcZ_tNJwOiWkv9Pr0_I8egq79xAmMcaamP4Y3a6C6ox1x5Wb1H0o-ECaOvr8mgPvN95ec7uRJq5QrZilK7zPBpGO8JG3REjkEeCKxiyi__5BSSol3V2qZK-TQB6iK-Wqu2Apabl_f4PPW-qB41lt1K5iAe3JzCz80IP_/s320/Assam-SET-SLET-Notification-Application-Form.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <h3>HERE'S WHAT THE OFFICIAL NOTIFICATION SAYS:</h3><div style="text-align: left;">"The candidates will have to submit an application through online 
system. Details of the procedure for submission of the application form,
 syllabi of all 25 subjects and other information are available in the 
web site www.sletne.org. The candidates may submit the application form 
to the website www.sletneonline. co.in. The website www.sletne.org may 
also be consulted but will have to login, in the linkage of the other 
website www.sletneonline.co.in in which application form will be 
available," reads the official notification.Direct link to register for Assam SLET (SET) 2023 <a href="https://sletneonline.co.in/" target="_self">here</a>.<h3>HOW TO APPLY FOR ASSAM SLET 2023</h3><ul><li>Visit the official website-sletneonline.co.in</li><li>Click on the Assam SLET 2023 application link on the homepage</li><li>A new login/registration would open</li><li>Register yourself and generate the login credentials</li><li>Now, fill up the Assam SLET 2023 application form and submit the required details</li><li>Submit your application</li><li>Save and download the application form for future use.</li></ul>Download official notification from below <iframe src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/12DmIlcKasJIC-otelkIb3XdSMvzpIQ1L/preview" width="650" height="650"></iframe>  </div>

notifications Assam SLET (SET) 2023 registration begins | Direct link to apply @ sletneonline.co.in

The Assam State Level Eligibility Test Commission has begun accepting applications for SET or SLET 2023. On sletneonline.co.in, candidates...

Concept of theory in Research methodology

12.11.22 dodda venkatareddy 0

Theories are explanations of a natural or social behavior, event, or phenomenon. More formally, a scientific theory is a system of constructs (concepts) and propositions (relationships between those constructs) that collectively presents a logical, systematic, and coherent explanation of a phenomenon of interest within some assumptions and boundary conditions (Bacharach 1989). Theories should explain why things happen, rather than just describe or predict. While understanding theories, it is also important to understand what theory is not. Theory is not data, facts, typologies, taxonomies, or empirical findings. A collection of facts is not a theory, just as a pile of stones is not a house. Likewise, a collection of constructs (e.g., a typology of constructs) is not a theory, because theories must go well beyond constructs to include propositions, explanations, and boundary conditions. Data, facts, and findings operate at the empirical or observational level, while theories operate at a conceptual level and are based on logic rather than observations.There are many benefits to using theories in research. <ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Theories provide the underlying logic of the occurrence of natural or social phenomenon by explaining what are the key drivers and key outcomes of the target phenomenon and why, and what underlying processes are responsible driving that phenomenon. </li><li>They aid in sense-making by helping us synthesize prior empirical findings within a theoretical framework and reconcile contradictory findings by discovering contingent factors influencing the relationship between two constructs in different studies. </li><li>Theories provide guidance for future research by helping identify constructs and relationships that are worthy of further research</li><li>Theories can contribute to cumulative knowledge building by bridging gaps between other theories and by causing existing theories to be reevaluated in a new light.</li></ol><h2>Building Blocks of a Theory</h2>David Whetten (1989) suggests that there are four building blocks of a theory: constructs, propositions, logic, and boundary conditions/assumptions. <ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Constructs capture the “what” of theories (i.e., what concepts are important for explaining a phenomenon), </li><li>propositions capture the “how” (i.e., how are these concepts related to each other), </li><li>logic represents the “why” (i.e., why are these concepts related), and </li><li>boundary conditions/assumptions examines the “who, when, and where” (i.e., under what circumstances will these concepts and relationships work). </li></ol><h2>Attributes of a Good Theory</h2>
Theories are simplified and often partial explanations of complex 
social reality. As such, there can be good explanations or poor 
explanations, and consequently, there can be good theories or poor 
theories. How can we evaluate the “goodness” of a given theory? 
Different criteria have been proposed by different researchers, the more
 important of which are listed below:Logical consistency: Are the theoretical constructs, 
propositions, boundary conditions, and assumptions logically consistent 
with each other? If some of these “building blocks” of a theory are 
inconsistent with each other (e.g., a theory assumes rationality, but 
some constructs represent non-rational concepts), then the theory is a 
poor theory.Explanatory power: How much does a given theory explain
 (or predict) reality? Good theories obviously explain the target 
phenomenon better than rival theories, as often measured by variance 
explained (R-square) value in regression equations.Falsifiability: British philosopher Karl Popper stated 
in the 1940’s that for theories to be valid, they must be falsifiable. 
Falsifiability ensures that the theory is potentially disprovable, if 
empirical data does not match with theoretical propositions, which 
allows for their empirical testing by researchers. In other words, 
theories cannot be theories unless they can be empirically testable.Parsimony: Parsimony examines how much of a phenomenon 
is explained with how few variables. The concept is attributed to 14 th 
century English logician Father William of Ockham (and hence called 
“Ockham’s razor” or “Occam’s razor), which states that among competing 
explanations that sufficiently explain the observed evidence, the 
simplest theory (i.e., one that uses the smallest number of variables or
 makes the fewest assumptions) is the best.<h2>Approaches to Theorizing</h2> The first approach is to build theories inductively based on observed 
patterns of events or behaviors. Such approach is often called “grounded
 theory building”, because the theory is grounded in empirical 
observations. This technique is heavily dependent on the observational 
and interpretive abilities of the researcher, and the resulting theory 
may be subjective and non-conformable. Furthermore, observing certain 
patterns of events will not necessarily make a theory, unless the 
researcher is able to provide consistent explanations for the observed 
patterns. The second approach to theory building is to conduct a bottom-up 
conceptual analysis to identify different sets of predictors relevant to
 the phenomenon of interest using a predefined framework. One such 
framework may be a simple input-process-output framework, where the 
researcher may look for different categories of inputs, such as 
individual, organizational, and/or technological factors potentially 
related to the phenomenon of interest (the output), and describe the 
underlying processes that link these factors to the target phenomenon. This is also an inductive approach that relies heavily on the inductive 
abilities of the researcher, and interpretation may be biased by 
researcher’s prior knowledge of the phenomenon being studied. The third approach to theorizing is to extend or modify existing 
theories to explain a new context, such as by extending theories of 
individual learning to explain organizational learning. While making 
such an extension, certain concepts, propositions, and/or boundary 
conditions of the old theory may be retained and others modified to fit 
the new context. This deductive approach leverages the rich inventory of
 social science theories developed by prior theoreticians, and is an 
efficient way of building new theories by building on existing ones.The fourth approach is to apply existing theories in entirely new 
contexts by drawing upon the structural similarities between the two 
contexts. This approach relies on reasoning by analogy, and is probably 
the most creative way of theorizing using a deductive approach.

Research Methodology Concept of theory in Research methodology

Theories are explanations of a natural or social behavior, event, or phenomenon. More formally, a scientific theory is a system of construct...

National Education Day 2022: Date, Significance, and Theme

10.11.22 dodda venkatareddy 0

The National Education Day will be celebrated in India tomorrow, November 11 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first Education Minister of India. This day is celebrated to acknowledge and honour Maulana Azad's contribution to the country's education system. The theme for National Education Day 2022 is “Changing Course, Transforming Education.” Maulana Azad was a great freedom fighter and educationist who was committed to reforming and reshaping India's education system. He played an important role in improving the Indian education structure. He also strongly advocated for women's education. The credit for implementing the modern education system also goes to him. <h3 style="text-align: left;">History of National Education Day</h3>Celebrating National 
Education Day is a tribute to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. As a pioneering 
thinker and intellectual, his role in the struggle for freedom is 
inspiring. He was passionate about the education sector and worked to 
promote social fraternity. Find more information about Azad and his 
contributions in the education sector that led him to be celebrated on 
National Education Day below.<h3>Who was Maulana Abul Kalam Azad?</h3><ul><li>Maulana Abul Kalam Azad served as India’s 1st Minister of Education from 15 August 1947 – 2 February 1958.</li><li>During his tenure, he established some of the best educational institutions in the nation.</li><li>He served in the Indian independence movement as well.</li><li>Azad was one of the most influential leaders of the time and believed deeply in socialism and secularism.</li><li>To remember his legacy, the Ministry of Minority Affairs established Maulana Azad Education Foundation in 1989.</li><li>He was awarded the posthumous honor of the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor, in 1992.</li></ul><h3>Contribution of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to the Education Sector</h3><ul><li>The
 UGC, AICTE, the Kharagpur Institute for Higher Education, the 
University Board of Education, and the Secondary School Board were 
established during Azad's tenure.</li><li>He also helped establish educational institutions such as Jamia Millia Islamia and IIT Kharagpur.</li><li>Many
 leaders remember and commemorate Azad's contribution to his efforts in 
creating a foundation for India's strong education system.</li><li>Maulana
 Abul Kalam Azad established the Sahitya Academy, Lalit Kala Academy, 
Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), Sangeet Natak Academy, and
 the Scientific and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research 
(CSIR).</li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;">Significance of National Education Day</h3>National
 Education Day is celebrated to enhance and improvise the quality of 
education for students in the country. The day also commemorates Azad's 
contribution to laying the foundation for an independent Indian 
education system.Azad was also a strong advocate of universal 
primary education, girls' education, free compulsory education for all 
children under the age of 14, vocational training, and technical 
education.<h3 style="text-align: left;">How is National Education Day Celebrated?</h3>In 
September 2008, the central government declared 11th November as 
National Education Day. The first celebration of National Education Day 
was held in Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, by then-President Pratibha Patil. 
Here is how this day is celebrated in the country:<ul><li>National 
Education Day is celebrated annually by hosting several informative and 
enjoyable seminars, essay symposiums, and rallies at various schools.</li><li>On
 this day, students and teachers come together to share the importance 
of literacy and the country's commitment to all aspects of education.</li><li>National Education Day pays homage to all the fundamental contributions made by Abul Kalam Azad to India's education system</li></ul>

current affairs news National Education Day 2022: Date, Significance, and Theme

The National Education Day will be celebrated in India tomorrow, November 11 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad...

Online PhD degrees by edtech companies with foreign varsities not recognised: UGC, AICTE

10.11.22 dodda venkatareddy 0

The University Grants Commission (UGC) warned students that it would not recognise online PhD programmes that are developed by edtech companies in collaboration with foreign institutes or universities. "Such online PhD programmes are not recognised by the UGC. Aspiring students and the public at large, are requested to verify the authenticity of PhD programmes as per UGC Regulation 2016 before taking admission," the notice said.The UGC notice released by AICTE in the last week of October also reaffirmed the UGC laws and their revisions and said universities need to comply with the same when conferring doctoral degrees on their students. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHOHuFLb1yEVe8Zy10cqed4fPu4rh_YSKOYddryVeWO0lWy5t6z9KbEJA0wQ9AxTW4VBrXLVasyrGuGl-rOpKrqpFylm5cQUC16JM2xvWN2gk1Y73yAQtiDWURWQ4TE03Qq1Gn20GTpnZ6b6et6AgP8fDyEX7KKxjhcGMGqU0A-34Ld2tibLgutYhr/s843/Screenshot%202022-11-10%20at%2020-19-17%20India%20Today%20Education%20-%20Breaking%20News%20Results%20Exams%20Education%20Updates%20and%20Notifications.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="843" data-original-width="622" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHOHuFLb1yEVe8Zy10cqed4fPu4rh_YSKOYddryVeWO0lWy5t6z9KbEJA0wQ9AxTW4VBrXLVasyrGuGl-rOpKrqpFylm5cQUC16JM2xvWN2gk1Y73yAQtiDWURWQ4TE03Qq1Gn20GTpnZ6b6et6AgP8fDyEX7KKxjhcGMGqU0A-34Ld2tibLgutYhr/w472-h640/Screenshot%202022-11-10%20at%2020-19-17%20India%20Today%20Education%20-%20Breaking%20News%20Results%20Exams%20Education%20Updates%20and%20Notifications.png" width="472" /></a></div> <h3>UGC REGULATIONS FOR PHD PROGRAMMES</h3> All higher education institutions (HEIs) in India must provide doctoral degrees to students as per UGC regulations. The UGC notice noted that the commission had announced the UGC (Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of MPhil, PhD degrees) Regulation 2016 to regulate and standards for PhD degrees. UGC revised the PhD rules in March 2022 and as per the UGC (Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of MPhil, PhD degrees) 2022, students who have cleared UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) or Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) should get 60% of the PhD slots in universities while the university entrance exams could admit doctoral students for the remaining 40% slots.  Source: Twitter, www.indiatoday.in

current affairs news Online PhD degrees by edtech companies with foreign varsities not recognised: UGC, AICTE

The University Grants Commission (UGC) warned students that it would not recognise online PhD programmes that are developed by edtech compan...

QS Asia Universities Ranking 2023: IIT Bombay tops with 40th

9.11.22 dodda venkatareddy 0

QS Asia University Rankings 2023: The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay is the top educational institute in South Asia, as per the recently released QS Asia University Rankings 2023. IIT Bombay bagged 40th position in the QS ranking followed by IIT Delhi which secured rank 46. The Asia University Ranking 2023 was released on Tuesday, November 8 by the international ranking agency - Quacquarelli Symonds. <div style="text-align: justify;"> A total of 19 institutes made it to the list of top 200 universities which include IIT Bombay (rank 40), IIT Delhi (rank 46), IISc Bangalore (rank 52), IIT Madras (53), IIT Kharagpur (61), IIT Kanpur (66) University of Delhi (85), IIT Rorkee (114), JNU (119), IIT Guwahati (124), VIT Vellore (173), University of Calcutta (181), Jadavpur University (182), Anna University (185), Chandigarh University (185), IIT Indore (185), BITS Pilani (188), Jamia Millia Islamia (188), and Amity University Noida (200).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">A total of 118 institutes featured in the list are from India, China- 128, Japan- 106, South Korea- 88. China's Peking University topped the list, the top 10 Asian universities are-National University of Singapore (rank 2), Tsinghua University, Beijing (rank 3), The University of Hong Kong (rank 4), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (rank 5), Fudan University, China (rank 6), Zhejiang University, China (rank 6), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (rank 8), Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur (rank 9), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (rank 10). </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>

current affairs news QS Asia Universities Ranking 2023: IIT Bombay tops with 40th

QS Asia University Rankings 2023: The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay is the top educational institute in South Asia, as per th...

AP RCET 2022 Results

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