12.13.2023

causality, generalization, replication in qualitative research

 While quantitative research often emphasizes establishing causal relationships, generalizing findings, and replicating studies, these concepts are approached differently in qualitative research. Let's explore each concept:

1. Causality:

  • Qualitative research aims to understand how and why things happen rather than simply establishing cause-and-effect relationships.
  • Due to the complex nature of social phenomena and the influence of various factors, establishing definitive causality can be challenging.
  • Researchers often explore how different factors interact and contribute to a specific outcome.
  • Strategies like thick descriptions, triangulation, and member checking can help enhance the credibility of causal claims.

2. Generalization:

  • Traditional notions of generalizability (applying findings to a broader population) are less relevant in qualitative research.
  • Instead, the concept of transferability is preferred.
  • Transferability focuses on the applicability of the findings to different contexts based on similarities and differences between contexts.
  • Researchers provide rich descriptions and contextual details to enable readers to judge the relevance of the findings to their own context.

3. Replication:

  • Exact replication of qualitative research is often impractical due to the dynamic nature of social settings and the influence of context and researcher-participant interactions.
  • Instead, researchers may conduct comparative studies across different contexts to examine the similarities and differences in findings.
  • Theoretical replication focuses on using the findings of a study to contribute to or refine existing theories in the field.
  • Repeatable elements like data collection methods and analysis procedures can be documented to allow for future studies to build upon the findings.

Here are some key points to remember:

  • Qualitative research focuses on understanding the complexities of social phenomena rather than establishing simple cause-and-effect relationships.
  • Generalizability is less relevant, and transferability of findings to other contexts is emphasized.
  • Replication often takes the form of comparative studies or building upon existing theories.

References:

  • Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2013). Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Silverman, D. (2016). Interpreting qualitative data (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for information, 22(2), 63-75.

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